Motion Research Group

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Research Areas




Kinematics and Dynamics of Multibody Systems

  • A. Izadbakhsh, J. McPhee, and S. Birkett, Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Testing of a Piano Action Mechanism with a Flexible Hammer Shank, to appear in ASME J. Comp. Non. Dyn., v.3, 2008.
  • M. Leger, and J. McPhee, Selection of Modeling Coordinates for Forward Dynamic Multibody Simulations, Multibody Syst. Dyn., v.18, 277-297, 2007.
  • Y. Gonthier, J. McPhee, and C. Lange, On the Implementation of Coulomb Friction in a Volumetric-Based Model for Contact Dynamics, Proc. ASME IDETC, Las Vegas, Nevada, 10 pages, 2007.
  • J. McPhee and S. Redmond, Modelling Multibody Systems with Indirect Coordinates, Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., v.195, 6942-6957, 2006.
  • J. McPhee, Unified Modelling Theories for the Dynamics of Multidisciplinary Multibody Systems, to appear in Advances in Computational Multibody Systems, J. Ambrosio, ed., Springer-Verlag, 2005, pp.129-158.
  • C. Schmitke and J. McPhee, Modelling Mechatronic Multibody Systems using Symbolic Subsystem Models, submitted to Multibody System Dynamics, 2003.
  • J. McPhee, Virtual Prototyping of Multibody Systems with Linear Graph Theory and Symbolic Computing, in Virtual Nonlinear Multibody Systems, W. Schiehlen and M. Valasek, eds., Kluwer Academic, 2003, pp.37-56.
  • J. McPhee, Two Different Methods for Simulating the Motion of Variable-Mass Multibody Systems, in Advanced Multibody System Dynamics: Simulation and Software Tools, W. Schiehlen, ed., Kluwer Academic, 1993, pp.385-390.
  • J. McPhee, C. Schmitke, and S. Redmond, Dynamic Modelling of Mechatronic Multibody Systems with Symbolic Computing and Linear Graph Theory, Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, vol.10, no.1, 2004, pp.1-23.
  • Y. Gonthier, J. McPhee, J.-C. Piedboeuf, and C. Lange, A Regularized Contact Model with Asymmetric Damping and Dwell-Time Dependent Friction, Multibody System Dynamics, vol.11, no.3, 2004, pp.209-233.
  • C. Schmitke and J. McPhee, Effective use of Subsystem Models in Multibody and Mechatronic System Dynamics, International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, vol.1, no.2, 2003, pp.139-159.
  • E. Zahariev and J. McPhee, Stabilization of Constraints of Multibody System Dynamics, Mechanics of Structures and Machines, vol.31, no.1, 2003, pp.25-55.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Design Optimization of Rail Vehicles with Passive and Active Suspensions: A Combined Approach using Genetic Algorithms and Multibody Dynamics, Vehicle System Dynamics, vol.37 Supplement, 2003, pp.397-408.
  • S. Redmond and J. McPhee, Modelling Multibody Systems with Indirect Coordinates, submitted to Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2004.
  • J. McPhee, Graph-Theoretic Modelling of Multibody Systems , invited lecture for NATO ASI Workshop on Virtual Nonlinear Multibody Systems , Prague, Czech Republic, June 2002.
  • C. Schmitke and J. McPhee, Effective Use of Subsystem Models in Multibody and Mechatronic System Dynamics, submitted to International Journal of Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, 2002.
  • E. Zahariev and J. McPhee, Dynamics of Multibody Systems with Multiple Constraints, submitted to Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 2002.
  • J. McPhee, P. Shi, and J.-C. Piedboeuf, Dynamics of Multibody Systems using Virtual Work and Symbolic Programming , Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems , vol.8, no.2, 2002, pp.137-156.
  • Y. Gonthier, J. McPhee, J.-C. Piedboeuf, and C. Lange, A Regularized Contact Model with Asymmetric Damping and Dwell-Time Dependent Friction, submitted to Multibody System Dynamics, 2002.
  • E. Zahariev and J. McPhee, Stabilization of Constraints of Multibody System Dynamics, to appear in Mechanics of Structures and Machines, 2002.
  • T. Geike and J. McPhee, On the Automatic Generation of Inverse Dynamic Solutions for Parallel Manipulators, Proceedings of Workshop on Fundamental Issues and Future Research Directions for Parallel Mechanisms and Manipulators , Quebec City, Canada, October 2002.
  • P. Shi, J. McPhee, and G. Heppler, A Deformation Field for Euler-Bernoulli Beams with Application to Flexible Multibody Dynamics, Multibody System Dynamics, vol.5, pp.79-104, 2001.
  • J. McPhee, A Unified Formulation of Multibody Kinematic Equations in Terms of Absolute, Joint, and Indirect Coordinates , CD-ROM Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Pittsburgh U.S.A., September 2001.
  • P. Shi and J. McPhee, Dynamics of Flexible Multibody Systems using Virtual Work and Linear Graph Theory, Multibody System Dynamics, vol.4, pp.355-381, 2000.
  • J. McPhee and P. Shi, Inverse Dynamics of Multibody Systems using Virtual Work and Graph Theory, Proceedings of 10th World Congress on the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Oulu, Finland, 20-24 June, 1999, pp.1258-1263.
  • J.J. McPhee, Automatic Generation of Motion Equations for Planar Mechanical Systems Using the New Set of ``Branch Co-ordinates'' , Mechanism and Machine Theory , vol.33, no.6, pp.805-823, 1998.
  • J.J. McPhee, A Unified Graph-Theoretic Approach to Formulating Multibody Dynamics Equations in Absolute or Joint Coordinates , Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol.334B, no.3, pp.431-445, 1997.
  • J.J. McPhee, On the Use of Linear Graph Theory in Multibody System Dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, vol.9, pp.73-90, 1996.
  • J.J. McPhee, M.G. Ishac, and G.C. Andrews, Wittenburg's Formulation of Multibody Dynamics Equations from a Graph-Theoretic Perspective, Mechanism and Machine Theory , vol.31, no.2, pp.201-213, 1996.
  • J.J. McPhee, Two Different Methods for Simulating the Motion of Variable-Mass Multibody Systems, in Advanced Multibody System Dynamics: Simulation and Software Tools , edited by W. Schiehlen, Kluwer Academic, pp.385-390, 1993.
  • J.J. McPhee and R.N. Dubey, Dynamic Analysis and Computer Simulation of Variable-Mass Multi-Rigid-Body Systems, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering , vol.32, no.8, pp.1711-1725, 1991.
  • J.J. McPhee and R.N. Dubey, Dynamics of Multibody Systems with Known Configuration Changes, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.58, no.1, pp.215-221, 1991.

Computational Methods for Analysis and Design

  • C. Schmitke, K. Morency, and J. McPhee, Using Graph Theory and Symbolic Computing to Generate Efficient Models for Multibody Vehicle Dynamics, to appear in J. Multibody Dyn., 2008.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Application of Optimization Algorithms and Multibody Dynamics to Ground Vehicle Suspension Design, Int. J. Heavy Veh. Sys., v.14, 158-192, 2007.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Application of SQP and Dynamic Mode Tracking to the Identification of the Critical Speed of Rail Vehicles, Int. J. Heavy Veh. Sys., v.14, 193-212, 2007.
  • W. Zhou, D. Jeffery, G. Reid, C. Schmitke, and J. McPhee, Implicit Reduced Involutive Forms and Their Application to Engineering Multibody Systems, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v.3519, H. Li, P. Olver, and G. Sommer, eds., Springer-Verlag, 31-43, 2005.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Mechatronic Vehicle Design via Multidisciplinary Optimization, CSME Forum, University of Western Ontario, London, June 2004, pp.504-513.
  • W. Zhou, D. Jeffrey, G. Reid, C. Schmitke, and J. McPhee, Implicit Reduced Involutive Forms and Their Application to Engineering Multibody Systems, International Workshop on Geometric Invariance and Applications in Engineering, Xi’an, China, May 2004.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Application of Optimization Algorithms and Multibody Dynamics to Ground Vehicle Suspension Design, submitted to Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003.
  • E. Zahariev and J. McPhee, Stabilization of Multiple Constraints in Multibody Dynamics Using Optimization and a Pseudo-inverse Matrix, Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, vol.9, no.4, 2003, pp.417-436.
  • J. McPhee, P. Shi, and J.-C. Piedboeuf, Dynamics of Multibody Systems using Virtual Work and Symbolic Programming , Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems , vol.8, no.2, 2002, pp.137-156.
  • P. Shi and J. McPhee, Symbolic Programming of a Graph-Theoretic Approach to Flexible Multibody Dynamics, Mechanics of Structures and Machines, vol.30, no.1, pp.123-154, 2002.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Comparative Study of Optimization Algorithms used in Ground Vehicle Suspension Design, submitted to Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002.
  • P. Shi, J. McPhee, and G. Heppler, Polynomial Shape Functions and Numerical Methods for Flexible Multibody Dynamics , Mechanics of Structures and Machines , vol.29, no.1, pp.43-64, 2000.
  • C. Good and J. McPhee, Dynamics of Mountain Bicycles with Rear Suspensions: Design Optimization, Sports Engineering , vol.3, no.1, pp.49-56, 2000.
  • A. Seth and J. McPhee, Prediction of Optimal Arm Motions using a Genetic Algorithm, Proceedings of 17th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Hamilton, Ontario, 30 May - 3 June, 1999.
  • J. Heilig and J. McPhee, Determination of Minimum-Time Manoeuvres for a Robotic Manipulator using Numerical Optimization Methods, Mechanics of Structures and Machines , vol.27, no.2, pp.185-201, 1999.
  • A.E. Baumal, J.J. McPhee, and P.H. Calamai, Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Active Vehicle Suspension Design , Mechanics in Design, edited by S.A. Meguid, Proceedings of C.S.M.E. Forum, pp.455-464, 1996. Winner of award for Best Paper Lead-authored by a Student.
  • O.M. Oshinowo and J.J. McPhee, Object-Oriented Implementation of A Graph-Theoretic Formulation for Planar Multibody Dynamics , International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering , vol.40, pp.4097-4118, 1997.
  • J.J. McPhee and C.E. Wells, Automated Symbolic Analysis of Mechanical System Dynamics, MapleTech , vol.3, no.1, pp.48-56, 1996.
  • C.E. Wells and J. McPhee, A Symbolic Toolbox for Investigating the Structure of Multibody Dynamics Equations, Mechanics in Design, edited by S.A. Meguid, Proceedings of C.S.M.E. Forum, pp.75-84, 1996.
  • A.E. Baumal and J.J. McPhee, Feller-Buncher Planar Motion Boom Numerical Optimization Project , Technical Report for Timberjack Inc., Woodstock, Ontario, 1996.

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Mechatronic and Robotic Systems

  • C. Schmitke and J. McPhee, Using Linear Graph Theory and the Principle of Orthogonality to Model Multibody, Multi-Domain Systems, Adv. Eng. Infor., v.22, 147160, 2008.
  • M. Peasgood, C. Clark, and J. McPhee, Complete and Scalable Multi-Robot Roadmap Coordination Planning, IEEE Trans. Robotics, v.24, 283-292, 2008.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, A Design Methodology for Mechatronic Vehicles: Application of MDO, Multibody Dynamics, and Genetic Algorithms, Veh. Sys. Dyn., 697-733, 2005.
  • J.P. Hauschild, G. Heppler, and J. McPhee, Friction Compensation of Harmonic Drive Actuators, 6th International Conference on Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space, Liguria, Italy, July 2004, pp.683-692
  • M. Scherrer and J. McPhee, Dynamic Modelling of Electromechanical Multibody Systems, Multibody System Dynamics, vol.9, no.1, 2003, pp.87-115.
  • T. Geike and J. McPhee, Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Parallel Manipulators with Full Mobility, Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol.38, no.6, 2003, pp.549-562.
  • L. Sass, J. McPhee, C. Schmitke, P. Fisette, and D. Grenier, A Comparison of Different Methods for Modelling Multibody Systems with Electrical Drives, Multibody System Dynamics, vol.12, no.3, 2004, pp.209-250.
  • M. Scherrer and J. McPhee, Dynamic Modelling of Electromechanical Multibody Systems, to appear in Multibody System Dynamics, 2003.
  • T. Geike and J. McPhee, Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Parallel Manipulators with Full Mobility, to appear in Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2003.
  • C. Schmitke and J. McPhee, Effective use of Subsystem Models in Multibody and Mechatronic System Dynamics, submitted to International Journal of Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, 2002.
  • T. Geike and J. McPhee, On the Automatic Generation of Inverse Dynamic Solutions for Parallel Manipulators, Proceedings of Workshop on Fundamental Issues and Future Research Directions for Parallel Mechanisms and Manipulators , Quebec City, Canada, October 2002.
  • M. Makatchev, J. McPhee, S.K. Tso, and S. Lang, Modelling, Control, and Interface for a Four-Wheel-Steering Mobile Robot, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A, 2002.
  • T. Geike and J. McPhee, Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Parallel Manipulators with 3 or 6 Degrees of Freedom, Proceedings of 14th CISM-IFToMM Symposium on Robotics, Udine, Italy, July 2002, pp.49-58.
  • P. Shi, J. McPhee, and G. Heppler, Design and Control of an Experimental Facility for Emulating Space-Based Robotic Manipulators, Proceedings of International Symposium on Robotics, Montreal, 2000, pp.481-486.
  • M. Makatchev, S. Lang, S. Tso, and J. McPhee, Cross-Coupling Control for Slippage Minimization of a Four-Wheel-Steering Mobile Robot, Proceedings of International Symposium on Robotics, Montreal, 2000, pp.42-47.
  • D. Lovekin, G. Heppler, and J. McPhee, Design and Analysis of a Facility for Free-floating Flexible Manipulators, Transactions of the CSME, vol.24, no.2, pp.375-390, 2000.
  • J. Heilig and J. McPhee, Determination of Minimum-Time Manoeuvres for a Robotic Manipulator using Numerical Optimization Methods, Mechanics of Structures and Machines , vol.27, no.2, pp.185-201, 1999.
  • D. Horvath, S. Williams, and J. McPhee, Design and Implementation of a Walking Robot, Proceedings of International Conference on Field and Service Robotics, Canberra, Australia, pp.137-144, Dec. 1997.

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Advanced Vehicle Systems

  • H. Vogt, C. Schmitke, K. Jalali, and J. McPhee, Real-Time Dynamics Simulation of an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors, to appear in Int. J. Veh. Auto. Sys.
  • N. Azad, A. Khajepour and J. McPhee, A Survey on Stability Enhancement Strategies for Articulated Steer Vehicles, to appear in Int. J. Heavy Veh. Sys.
  • N. L. Azad, A. Khajepour, and J. McPhee, Articulated Steer Vehicles: Dynamics and Control, VDM Verlag, 2008. (ISBN: 978-3-8364-5665-4)
  • K. Jalali, K. Bode, S. Lambert, and J. McPhee, Design of an Advanced Traction Controller for an Electric Vehicle Equipped with Four Direct Driven In-Wheel Motors, Proc. SAE World Congress, Detroit, 8 pages, 2008.
  • N. Azad, A. Khajepour and J. McPhee, Robust Variable Structure Control for Stabilization of Articulated Steer Vehicles by Torque Vectoring, Int. J. Heavy Veh. Sys., v.14, 331-354, 2007.
  • N. Azad, A. Khajepour and J. McPhee, Robust State Feedback Stabilization of Articulated Steer Vehicles, Veh. Sys. Dyn., v.45, 249-275, 2007.
  • N. Azad, A. Khajepour and J. McPhee, The Effects of Locking Differentials on the Snaking Mode of Articulated Steer Vehicles, Int. J. Veh. Sys. Model. Test., v.2, 101-127, 2007.
  • N. Azad, J. McPhee, and A. Khajepour, Off-road Lateral Stability Analysis of an Articulated Steer Vehicle with a Rear-mounted Load, Int. J. Veh. Sys. Model. Test., v.1, 106-130, 2005.
  • Y. He, N. Lashgarian, C. Urbaniak, A. Khajepour, and J. McPhee, Lateral Stability Analysis and Parameter Estimation of Articulated Frame Steer Vehicles, CSME Forum, University of Western Ontario, London, June 2004, pp.962-971.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Multidisciplinary Optimization of Multibody Systems with Application to the Design of Rail Vehicles, to appear in Multibody System Dynamics, 2005.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Mechatronic Vehicles with Active Suspensions, to appear in Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, A Design Methodology for Mechatronic Vehicles: Application of Multidisciplinary Optimization, Multibody Dynamics, and Genetic Algorithms, submitted to Vehicle System Dynamics, 2004.
  • Y. He, A. Khajepour, J. McPhee, and X. Wang, Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of Articulated Frame Steer Vehicles, International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, vol.12, no.1, 2004, pp.28-59.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Optimization of Curving Performance of Rail Vehicles, submitted to Vehicle System Dynamics, 2003.
  • A. Baumal and J. McPhee, On the Use of Numerical Optimization to Maximize the Critical Velocity of a Simple Rail Vehicle, Transactions of the CSME, vol.26, no.3, 2002, pp.311-322. Winner of Award for Best Paper of 2002.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Optimization of the Lateral Stability of Rail Vehicles, Vehicle System Dynamics, vol.38, no.5, 2002, pp.361-390
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Application of SQP and Dynamic Mode Tracking to the Identification of the Critical Speed of Rail Vehicles, submitted to International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2004.
  • A. Baumal and J. McPhee, On the Use of Numerical Optimization to Maximize the Critical Velocity of a Simple Rail Vehicle , to appear in Transactions of the CSME, 2002.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Application of SQP and Dynamic Mode Tracking to the Identification of the Critical Speed of Rail Vehicles, submitted to Journal of Sound and Vibration , 2002.
  • I. Bruulsema and J. McPhee, Dynamic Modelling and Design Optimization of Automotive Suspension Systems, submitted to Transactions of the CSME, 2001.
  • Y. He and J. McPhee, Design Optimization of Rail Vehicles with Passive and Active Suspensions: A Combined Approach using Genetic Algorithms and Multibody Dynamics, Proceedings of the 17th IAVSD Symposium on the Dynamics of Vehicles on Road and Tracks, Denmark, August 2001.
  • A.E. Baumal, J.J. McPhee, and P.H. Calamai, Application of Genetic Algorithms to the Optimization of an Active Vehicle Suspension Design, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.163, pp.87-94, 1998.
  • J.J. McPhee and R.J. Anderson, A Model Reduction Procedure for the Dynamic Analysis of Rail Vehicles Subjected to Linear Creep Forces, Vehicle System Dynamics , vol.25, pp.349-367, 1996.
  • R.J. Anderson and J.J. McPhee, Use of a Model Reduction Procedure to Speed Up Time-Domain Simulations of Rail Vehicles , Vehicle System Dynamics, Supplement to vol.23, pp.20-33, 1994

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Mechanisms and Machinery

  • Y. Liu and J. McPhee, Automated Kinematic Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms with Revolute Joints, Mech.-Based Des. Struct. Mach., v.35, 405-445, 2007.
  • J. Cain, D. Staley, G. Heppler and J. McPhee, Stability Analysis of a Dynamically Tuned Gyroscope, J. Guid. Cont. Dyn., v.29, 965-969, 2006.
  • M. Hirschkorn, J. McPhee, and S. Birkett, Dynamic Modelling and Experimental Testing of a Piano Action Mechanism, ASME Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, v.1, 47-55, 2006.
  • Y. Liu and J. McPhee, Automated Type Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms using Numeric Optimization with Genetic Algorithms, to appear in ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 2005.
  • M. Hirschkorn, Dynamic Model of a Piano Action Mechanisms, a thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Systems Design Engineering, 2004.
  • Y. Liu and J. McPhee, Type Synthesis of Planar Multibody Systems  using Topology as a Design Variable, Proceedings of 11th World Congress in Mechanism and Machine Science, Tianjin, China, August 18-21, 2003.
  • M. Hirschkorn, S. Birkett, and J. McPhee, Kinematic Model of a Piano Action Mechanism, Proceedings of the 19th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics (CANCAM 2003), Calgary, Canada, June 1-6, 2003.
  • J. McPhee, Expert Report on Quadco Equipment Inc. versus Timberjack Inc., File No. T-867-96 , Trial Division, Federal Court of Canada, September 2001.

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Biomechanics and Sports Engineering

  • M. Millard, J. McPhee, and E. Kubica, Multi-step Forward Dynamic Gait Simulation, to appear in Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, edited by E. Onate, Springer, 2008.
  • M. McQueen and J. McPhee, Design of an Ice Hockey Test Machine, Int. Sports Eng. Assoc., France, 6 pages, 2008.
  • W. Peterson and J. McPhee, Comparison of Impulse-Momentum and Finite Element Models for Impact between Golf Ball and Clubhead, World Sci. Cong. Golf, Phoenix, 6 pages, 2008.
  • C. Good, D. Viano, J. McPhee, J. Ronsky, and J. Pieper, Motorized Shoulder Belt Tensioning: Modeling and Performance for a Diverse Occupant Population, Proc. SAE World Congress, Detroit, 8 pages, 2008.
  • M. Peasgood, E. Kubica, and J. McPhee, Stabilization of a Dynamic Walking Gait Simulation, ASME J. Comp. Non. Dyn., v.2, 65-72, 2007.
  • A. Seth, J. McPhee, and M. Pandy, Multijoint Coordination of Vertical Arm Movement, Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, vol.1, no.1, 2003, pp.45-56.
  • C. Good and J. McPhee, Dynamics of Mountain Bicycles with Rear Suspensions: Design Optimization, Sports Engineering , vol.3, no.1, pp.49-56, 2000.
  • C. Good and J. McPhee, Dynamics of Mountain Bicycles with Rear Suspensions: Modelling and Simulation, Sports Engineering, vol.2, no.3, pp.129-144, 1999.
  • A. Seth and J. McPhee, A Predictive Control Method for Human Motion Simulation, Proceedings of Workshop on Biomechanics Meets Robotics: Modelling and Simulation , Heidelberg, Germany, November 1999.
  • A. Seth and J. McPhee, Modelling Human Upper Limb Biomechanics using Graph Theory, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Graphs and Mechanics, Gliwice, Poland, October 1999.
  • A. Seth and J. McPhee, Prediction of Optimal Arm Motions using a Genetic Algorithm, Proceedings of 17th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Hamilton, Ontario, 30 May - 3 June, 1999.
  • M.G. Ishac, G.C. Andrews, J. McPhee, A.E. Patla, and D.A. Winter, 3D Analysis of Human Locomotion Using Dual-Vectors and Graph Theory, Proceedings of the 3rd North American Conference on Biomechanics (NACOB'98), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 14-18 August 1998.
  • J. McPhee and G.C. Andrews, Effect of Sidespin and Wind on Projectile Trajectory, with Particular Application to Golf, American Journal of Physics, vol.56, no.10, pp.933-939, 1988.

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Motion Research Group ]
Systems Design Engineering | University of Waterloo ]
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